Roman Catholic and the effects of history to the Apostles, especially the Apostle Peter. San Pedro was the first Pope, and all since the Pope is the spiritual successor. This gives the leader of the Church spiritual authority, and provides a means of settling disputes that could divide the church. Through the trials, such as persecution, heresy and reform, the idea that the leadership of the church is a continuation of the connected and the teachings of the Apostles ( "Apostolic Succession") contributed to the survival of Christianity.
However, the idea of "Pope" does not exist since the beginning of the church. It was not until several centuries after Christ that the church began in the Roman Catholic Church, "We are thinking of the day, especially with the theories and practices, and the hierarchy of power. Thus, Catholics and non-Catholic alike, able to be more faithful to the letter of the Apostles and early church . from the perspective of the Catholic Church and the early faithfully followed in the evolution of the centuries, while the non-Catholic church tend to be regarded as corrupt the original message of Christianity.
In the years of persecution by the conversion of the Emperor, the Church, which focuses on staying alive. There was a prominent church leaders who have power and peace - especially those who have known the Apostles - but not to the central authority.
However, with the conversion of Emperor Constantine in 318 AD, the Church began to adopt the structure reflects the Empire, in the provinces governed by the geographic-based bishops in the largest city in the region. Soon, and bishops of the largest cities in the empire appeared prominent, including the Archbishop of Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Rome and Constantinople. It was natural to become the most important of Rome. Not only the capital of the empire, but the city where the Apostles Peter and Paul are believed to have been martyred.
Bishop of Rome, Leo I (440-461) is considered the first pope to historians it was the first to claim the final authority on all the Christian world. In his writings, you can find all the traditional arguments for the papal authority, in particular, that Christ has appointed Peter and his successors, "the Rock", which built a church.
Liu claims have been greatly strengthened by the impressive professional Bishop of Rome. Won the 445 in the explicit support of the Emperor Valentia, who said the Bishop of Rome is the law for all. In 451, the Council of Chalcedon, as the Christological issues that afflict the rest of the church. In the 452, impressive saved Rome Attila the Hun. It should be noted that the Pope met the fighter-to-door, and as to persuade him to spare the city. Legend has it that Attila the view of Peter and Paul to go with Liu to defend the city. In 455 were not successful with the Vandal invaders, but negotiations with them and succeeded in preventing the burning of Rome.
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